Centuries have weighed heavily on the Arabs, and their civilization has long since been consigned to history. Yet, we do not say that they have completely died out. Their religion and language, which they introduced into the world, are now more widespread than they were in their prime. Arabic is the common language from Marrakesh…
Limitations imposed on dualistic and metaphysical reasoning: A- Restrictions imposed on dual, or binary, reasoning: To establish the first half of this methodological hypothesis, we must first point to two phenomena that can be observed in our previous discussions. First, it appears that Ibn Khaldun, in addressing matters of faith and the role of religion in civilization, turned…
The dynamic relationship between causes and effects: A reader of the Muqaddimah will notice that Ibn Khaldun did not present his economic explanations in a rigid manner. To demonstrate this, we will cite his analysis of phenomena into causes and effects as one of the new methods he applied in studying human civilization and political…
Socio-economic reasoning Here we will discuss three points to test the validity of this hypothesis. These points are: Ibn Khaldun’s assessment of the role played by lifestyle, division of labor and specialization, and finally the role of work in social relations. 1- Ibn Khaldun used lifestyle as a fundamental criterion for distinguishing between the two basic societal…
Third topic: Ibn Khaldun’s methodology: Ibn Khaldun’s methodology is a remarkable phenomenon among the scientific methodologies of the great thinkers known to humankind, from Aristotle to Descartes. Studying Ibn Khaldun’s methodology is not without its challenges. On the one hand, many modern scholars since the beginning of the nineteenth century have examined and analyzed his thought…
The material interpretation of some elements of civilization: It becomes clear from the discussion of the first hypothesis that the economic factors, as addressed in the introduction, significantly influenced Ibn Khaldun’s arguments. In this second methodological hypothesis, we will demonstrate how these arguments and interpretations were also influenced by other elements of civilization, such as religion, reason,…
The Arabs were not ignorant of the importance of maintaining good health. They knew very well that the science of health teaches us ways to prevent diseases that medicine cannot cure. Their health methods have been good since ancient times. What the Qur’an commands regarding ablution and abstaining from drinking alcohol, and what the people…
Medicine, astronomy, mathematics, and chemistry are considered the most important sciences that the Arabs were interested in. The Arabs completed their greatest discoveries in these sciences. The Arabs’ medical writings were translated throughout Europe, and a large portion of them were not destroyed, as happened to their other books. Arab medical effects: The number of…
Arabic is a Semitic language. It is very similar to Hebrew, but its pronunciation differs from most European languages, making it very difficult for foreigners to pronounce. We do not know the history of the emergence of the Arabic language as we know it now, but we know from Arabic poetry that was written a…
The changes we see the results of after a long period in the world of economics are sometimes, in essence, civilizational changes that affect values, tastes, and morals at the turning points of history. The features of life change with the transformation of man himself in his will and direction when he realizes a new…
